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<title>Tertiary source</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tertiary source</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Tertiary sector of the economy</a>.</div>

<p>A <b>tertiary source</b> is an index or textual consolidation of already published <a href="Primary_source" title="Primary source">primary</a> and <a href="Secondary_source" title="Secondary source">secondary sources</a><sup id="cite_ref-umd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JCU_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general <a href="Common_knowledge" title="Common knowledge">common knowledge</a><sup id="cite_ref-newhaven_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newhaven-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and established <a href="Mainstream_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream science">mainstream science</a> on a topic. The exact definition of <i>tertiary</i> varies by <a href="Academic_discipline" title="Academic discipline">academic field</a>.

</p><p><a href="Research" title="Research">Academic research</a> standards generally do not accept tertiary sources such as <a href="Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedias</a> as citations,<sup id="cite_ref-newhaven_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newhaven-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although <a href="Survey_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey article">survey articles</a> are frequently cited rather than the original publication.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overlap_with_secondary_sources">Overlap with secondary sources</h2></div>

<p>Depending on the topic of research, a scholar may use a <a href="Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliography</a>, <a href="Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a>, or <a href="Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> as either a tertiary or a secondary source.<sup id="cite_ref-umd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This causes some difficulty in defining many sources as either one type or the other.

</p><p>In some academic disciplines, the differentiation between a secondary and tertiary source is relative.<sup id="cite_ref-umd_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JCU_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the <a href="UNISIST_model" title="UNISIST model">United Nations International Scientific Information System (UNISIST) model</a>, a secondary source is a bibliography, whereas a tertiary source is a synthesis of primary sources.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_tertiary_sources">Types of tertiary sources</h2></div>

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<p>As tertiary sources, encyclopedias, dictionaries, some <a href="Textbook" title="Textbook">textbooks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-umd_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Compendium" title="Compendium">compendia</a> attempt to summarize, collect, and consolidate the source materials into an overview without adding analysis and synthesis of new conclusions.

</p><p><a href="Bibliographic_index" title="Bibliographic index">Indexes</a>, <a href="Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliographies</a>, <a href="Concordance_(publishing)" title="Concordance (publishing)">concordances</a>, and <a href="Database#Research" title="Database">databases</a> are aggregates of primary and secondary sources and therefore often considered tertiary sources. They may also serve as a point of access to the full or partial text of primary and secondary sources. <a href="Almanac" title="Almanac">Almanacs</a>, <a href="Guide_book" title="Guide book">travel guides</a>, <a href="Field_guide" title="Field guide">field guides</a>, and <a href="Timeline" title="Timeline">timelines</a> are also examples of tertiary sources.

</p><p><a href="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> is a tertiary source.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Source_text" title="Source text">Source text</a></li>

<li><a href="Third-party_source" title="Third-party source">Third-party source</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-umd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-umd_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umd_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umd_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umd_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.lib.odu.edu/informationliteracytutorials">Primary, secondary and tertiary sources.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703015116/http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources">Archived</a> 2013-07-03 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". University Libraries, University of Maryland. Retrieve 07/26/2013</span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.odu.edu/genedinfolit/1infobasics/tertiary_information_sources.html">"Tertiary Information Sources"</a>. Old Dominion University -- ODU Libraries. September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-JCU-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JCU_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JCU_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary">Tertiary sources</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106174742/http://libguides.jcu.edu.au/tertiary">Archived</a> 2014-11-06 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". James Cook University.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-newhaven-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newhaven_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newhaven_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libguides.newhaven.edu/content.php?pid=465151&sid=3809011">Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Resources</a>". University of New Haven.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSøndergaardAndersenHjørland2003" class="citation journal cs1">Søndergaard, T. F.; Andersen, J.; Hjørland, B. (2003). "Documents and the communication of scientific and scholarly information: Revising and updating the UNISIST model". <i>Journal of Documentation</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 278. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F00220410310472509">10.1108/00220410310472509</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14697793">14697793</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crk.umn.edu/library/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-sources">"Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources"</a>. <a href="University_of_Minnesota_Crookston" title="University of Minnesota Crookston">University of Minnesota Crookston</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historiography934" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historiography934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Historiography" title="Historiography">Historiography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><b><a href="Historian" title="Historian">Historians</a></b>

<ul><li><b><a href="List_of_historians" title="List of historians">list</a> / <a href="List_of_historians_by_area_of_study" title="List of historians by area of study">by area of study</a></b></li></ul></li>

<li><b><a href="History" title="History">History</a></b></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>historians</i></li>

<li><i>historicity</i></li>

<li><i>history</i></li>

<li><i>theories of history</i></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_sources934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Historical_source" title="Historical source">Historical sources</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Primary_source" title="Primary source">Primary sources</a></li>

<li><a href="Secondary_source" title="Secondary source">Secondary sources</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Annals" title="Annals">Annals</a></li>

<li><a href="Archive" title="Archive">Archives</a></li>

<li><a href="Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Artifacts</a></li>

<li><a href="Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">Archaeological site</a></li>

<li><a href="Chronicle" title="Chronicle">Chronicles</a></li>

<li><a href="Codex" title="Codex">Codices</a></li>

<li><a href="Deed" title="Deed">Deeds</a></li>

<li><a href="Facsimile" title="Facsimile">Facsimiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Features</a></li>

<li><a href="Hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyph">Hieroglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_document" title="Historical document">Historical documents</a></li>

<li><a href="Logbook" title="Logbook">Logbooks</a></li>

<li><a href="Manuscript" title="Manuscript">Manuscripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">Oral tradition</a></li>

<li><a href="Papyrus" title="Papyrus">Papyri</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_text" title="Religious text">Religious texts</a></li>

<li><a href="Scroll" title="Scroll">Scrolls</a></li>

<li><a href="War_diary" title="War diary">War diaries</a>

<ul><li><a href="Service_record" title="Service record">Service records</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fields_of_study934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Auxiliary_sciences_of_history" title="Auxiliary sciences of history">Fields of study</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By scale</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Big_History" title="Big History">Big History</a></li>

<li><a href="World_history_(field)" title="World history (field)">World history</a>

<ul><li><a href="Human_history" title="Human history">Human history</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Local_history" title="Local history">Local history</a></li>

<li><a href="Microhistory" title="Microhistory">Microhistory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Archival_science" title="Archival science">Archival science</a> / <a href="Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">Library and information science</a> (template)</li>

<li><a href="Codicology" title="Codicology">Books</a> / <a href="Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Writing systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Chorography" title="Chorography">Chorography</a></li>

<li><a href="Chronology" title="Chronology">Chronology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chronological_dating" title="Chronological dating">dating</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Diplomatics" title="Diplomatics">Diplomatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Encyclopaedistics" title="Encyclopaedistics">Encyclopaedistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">Epigraphy</a></li>

<li><a href="Genealogy" title="Genealogy">Genealogy</a></li>

<li><a href="Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li>

<li><a href="Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics (Money)</a></li>

<li><a href="Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li>

<li><a href="Oral_history" title="Oral history">Oral history</a>

<ul><li><a href="Oral_history_preservation" title="Oral history preservation">preservation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></li>

<li><a href="Philology" title="Philology">Philology</a></li>

<li><a href="Philately" title="Philately">Postage stamps</a></li>

<li><a href="Prosopography" title="Prosopography">Prosopography</a></li>

<li><a href="Sigillography" title="Sigillography">Sigillography</a></li>

<li><a href="Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymy</a></li>

<li><a href="Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> / <a href="Paleoanthropology" title="Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_history" title="Cultural history">Cultural</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_ecology" title="Historical ecology">Ecology</a> / <a href="Environmental_history" title="Environmental history">Environment</a> / <a href="Historical_geography" title="Historical geography">Geography</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_history" title="Economic history">Economic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Business_history" title="Business history">Business</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_capitalism" title="History of capitalism">Capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Perspectives_on_capitalism_by_school_of_thought" title="Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought">Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">Thought</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intellectual_history" title="Intellectual history">Intellectual</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Geistesgeschichte" title="Geistesgeschichte">Geistesgeschichte</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">Linguistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_ecclesiastic_historiography" title="Medieval ecclesiastic historiography">Medieval churches</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Military historiography">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_history" title="Political history">Political</a>

<ul><li><a href="Constitutional_history" title="Constitutional history">Constitutional</a></li>

<li><a href="Diplomatic_history" title="Diplomatic history">Diplomatic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historical_sociology" title="Historical sociology">Social</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">Feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_history" title="Gender history">Gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethnohistory" title="Ethnohistory">Indigenous</a></li>

<li><a href="Labor_history" title="Labor history">Labour</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">LGBTQ</a></li>

<li><a href="Rural_history" title="Rural history">Rural</a>

<ul><li><a href="Quantitative_history" title="Quantitative history">Quantitative</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Urban_history" title="Urban history">Urban</a></li>

<li><a href="Women's_history" title="Women's history">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Case_study" title="Case study">Case study</a></li>

<li><a href="Periodization" title="Periodization">Periodization</a>

<ul><li>Historical eras</li>

<li><i><a href="Tarikh" title="Tarikh">Tarikh</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Three-age_system" title="Three-age system">Three-age system</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Approaches,_schools25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approaches,<br> schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Annales_school" title="Annales school">Annales school</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_mentalities" title="History of mentalities">History of mentalities</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Nouvelle_histoire" title="Nouvelle histoire">Nouvelle histoire</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiometry" title="Historiometry">Historiometry</a> / <a href="Cliometrics" title="Cliometrics">Cliometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparative_historical_research" title="Comparative historical research">Comparative historical research</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_historiography" title="Critical historiography">Critical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Decoloniality" title="Decoloniality">Decoloniality</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_history" title="Feminist history">Feminist</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_anthropology" title="Historical anthropology">Historical anthropology</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_determinism" title="Historical determinism">Historical determinism</a></li>

<li><a href="Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_criticism" title="Historical criticism">Historical-critical method</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanistic_historiography" title="Humanistic historiography">Humanistic</a></li>

<li>Indiscipline of history</li>

<li><a href="Leninist_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Leninist historiography">Leninist</a></li>

<li><a href="Marxist_historiography" title="Marxist historiography">Marxist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">Historical materialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">Nationalist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancestral_civilisation" title="Ancestral civilisation">Ancestral civilisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalization_of_history" title="Nationalization of history">Nationalization of history</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="People's_history" title="People's history">People's history</a>

<ul><li><a href="Subaltern_Studies" title="Subaltern Studies">Subaltern Studies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Popular_history" title="Popular history">Pop history</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantitative_history" title="Quantitative history">Quantitative history</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">Revisionist</a></li>

<li><a href="Transnational_history" title="Transnational history">Transnational</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Great_Man_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Man theory">Great Man theory</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Concepts934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Change_and_continuity" title="Change and continuity">Change and continuity</a></li>

<li><a href="Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">Historic preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Historic_recurrence" title="Historic recurrence">Historic recurrence</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_significance" title="Historical significance">Historical significance</a></li>

<li><a href="Historicity" title="Historicity">Historicity</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiology">Historiology</a>

<ul><li>Theory of history</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Black_legend" title="Black legend">Black legend</a></li>

<li><a href="Coloniality_of_knowledge" title="Coloniality of knowledge">Coloniality</a> and <a href="Decolonization_of_knowledge" title="Decolonization of knowledge">decolonization of knowledge</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li>

<li><a href="Historian's_fallacy" title="Historian's fallacy">Historian's fallacy</a> / <a href="Presentism_(historical_analysis)" title="Presentism (historical analysis)">Presentism</a></li>

<li><a href="Invented_tradition" title="Invented tradition">Invented tradition</a></li>

<li><a href="Modernisation_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernisation theory">Modernisation theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrative_history" title="Narrative history">Narratives</a></li>

<li><a href="Paradigm_shift" title="Paradigm shift">Paradigm shift</a></li>

<li><a href="Thirty-year_rule" title="Thirty-year rule">Thirty-year rule</a></li>

<li><a href="Transhistoricity" title="Transhistoricity">Transhistoricity</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Translatio_imperii" title="Translatio imperii">Translatio imperii</a></i> / <i><a href="Translatio_studii" title="Translatio studii">Translatio studii</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Vaticinium_ex_eventu" title="Vaticinium ex eventu">Vaticinium ex eventu</a></i></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Periodization_ofmodern_history50" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodization of<br><a href="Modern_era" title="Modern era">modern history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li>

<li><a href="Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Civil_War" title="European Civil War">European Civil War</a> / <a href="Second_Thirty_Years'_War" title="Second Thirty Years' War">Second Thirty Years' War</a></li>

<li><a href="Long_eighteenth_century" title="Long eighteenth century">Long 18th</a> / <a href="Long_nineteenth_century" title="Long nineteenth century">19th century</a></li>

<li><a href="Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Continuity_thesis" title="Continuity thesis">Continuity thesis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_country_or_region934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By country or region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="African_historiography" title="African historiography">African historiography</a></li>

<li>Egypt

<ul><li><a href="Egyptian_pyramid_construction_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pyramid construction techniques">Pyramid construction techniques</a></li>

<li>Black Egypt Thesis</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ethiopian_historiography" title="Ethiopian historiography">Ethiopia</a></li>

<li>Morocco

<ul><li><a href="Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Rwanda

<ul><li><a href="Double_genocide_theory_(Rwanda)" title="Double genocide theory (Rwanda)">Double genocide theory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Maafa" title="Maafa">Maafa</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Canada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Metropolitan-hinterland_thesis" title="Metropolitan-hinterland thesis">Metropolitan-hinterland thesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_history_wars" title="Canadian history wars">Residential schools</a></li>

<li><a href="Staples_thesis" title="Staples thesis">Staples thesis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous population history</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Latin_American_studies" title="Latin American studies">Latin America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_Argentina" title="Historiography of Argentina">Argentina</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_the_May_Revolution" title="Historiography of the May Revolution">May Revolution</a> / <a href="Causes_of_the_May_Revolution" title="Causes of the May Revolution">Causes</a></li>

<li>Revisionist</li></ul></li>

<li>Peru

<ul><li><a href="Iquicha_War_of_1825%E2%80%931828#Historiography" title="Iquicha War of 1825–1828">Iquicha Royalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Colonial_Spanish_America" title="Historiography of Colonial Spanish America">Colonial Spanish America</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Casta" title="Casta">Casta</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_the_United_States" title="Historiography of the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="African-American_history#Historiography" title="African-American history">African-American history</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nadir_of_American_race_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoabolitionism_(race_relations)" title="Neoabolitionism (race relations)">Neoabolitionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Reconstruction_era#Legacy_and_historiography" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Consensus_history" title="Consensus history">Consensus history</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyclical_theory_(United_States_history)" title="Cyclical theory (United States history)">Cyclical theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Frontier_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontier thesis">Frontier thesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_history_in_the_United_States" title="Political history in the United States">Political history</a>

<li><a href="Progressive_historians" title="Progressive historians">Progressive-era historians</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_Albania" title="Historiography of Albania">Albania</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dealbanisation" title="Dealbanisation">Dealbanisation</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Austria

<ul><li><a href="Habsburg_myth" title="Habsburg myth">Habsburg myth</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Balhae_controversies" title="Balhae controversies">Balhae</a></li>

<li>Belarus

<ul><li><a href="Litvinism" title="Litvinism">Litvinism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bulgarian_historiography" title="Bulgarian historiography">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li>Byzantine Empire

<ul><li>Early</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Croatian_historiography" title="Croatian historiography">Croatia</a></li>

<li>Europe

<ul><li>Ancient</li>

<li><a href="Medieval_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval historiography">Medieval</a></li>

<li>Georgia

<ul><li><i><a href="Aryan_Kartli" title="Aryan Kartli">Aryan Kartli</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hellenic_historiography" title="Hellenic historiography">Greek</a>

<li>Iran

<ul><li><a href="2%2C500-year_celebration_of_the_Persian_Empire" title="2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire">2,500-year celebration</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Japan" title="Historiography of Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Korea" title="Historiography of Korea">Korea</a>

<ul><li><a href="Korean_nationalist_historiography" title="Korean nationalist historiography">Nationalist</a></li>

<li><a href="Goguryeo_controversies" title="Goguryeo controversies">Goguryeo controversies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_in_North_Macedonia" title="Historiography in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Philippines" title="Historiography of the Philippines">Philippines</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_early_Philippine_settlements" title="Historiography of early Philippine settlements">Early settlements</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Portugal

<ul><li><a href="Lusotropicalism" title="Lusotropicalism">Lusotropicalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Romania

<ul><li><a href="Great_Union" title="Great Union">Great Union</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Serbian_historiography" title="Serbian historiography">Serbia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kosovo_Myth" title="Kosovo Myth">Kosovo Myth</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Sweden

<ul><li><a href="G%C3%B6taland_theory" title="Götaland theory">Götaland theory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Taiwanese_historiography" title="History of Taiwanese historiography">Taiwan</a></li>

<li>Ukraine

<ul><li><a href="Executed_Renaissance" title="Executed Renaissance">Executed Renaissance</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Vietnam

<li><a href="Tr%C6%B0ng_sisters" title="Trưng sisters">Trưng sisters</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Roman_historiography" title="Roman historiography">Ancient Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catilinarian_conspiracy#Historiography" title="Catilinarian conspiracy">Catilinarian conspiracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Christianization_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire">Christianization</a>

<ul><li><a href="Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Romanisation" title="Historiography of Romanisation">Expansion</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire">Fall of Western Rome</a></li>

<li><a href="Prosopography_of_ancient_Rome" title="Prosopography of ancient Rome">Prosopography</a></li>

<li><a href="Succession_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Succession of the Roman Empire">Succession</a>

<ul><li><a href="Succession_to_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Succession to the Byzantine Empire">Byzantine succession</a></li>

<li><a href="Moscow%2C_third_Rome" title="Moscow, third Rome">Moscow, third Rome</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_claim_to_Roman_succession" title="Ottoman claim to Roman succession">Ottoman claim</a></li>

<li><a href="Problem_of_two_emperors" title="Problem of two emperors">Problem of two emperors</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Five_thousand_years_of_Chinese_civilization" title="Five thousand years of Chinese civilization">5000-year civilization assertion</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Chinese_archaeology" title="History of Chinese archaeology">Archaeology</a></li>

<li>Wunu School</li>

<li><a href="Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a></li>

<li><a href="Conquest_dynasty" title="Conquest dynasty">Conquest dynasty</a>

<ul><li><a href="Debate_on_the_Chineseness_of_the_Yuan_and_Qing_dynasties" title="Debate on the Chineseness of the Yuan and Qing dynasties">"Chineseness" debate</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="New_Qing_History" title="New Qing History">New Qing History</a></li>

<li><a href="Golden_ages_of_China" title="Golden ages of China">Golden ages</a></li>

<li><a href="Hua%E2%80%93Yi_distinction" title="Hua–Yi distinction">Hua–Yi distinction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Four_Barbarians" title="Four Barbarians">Four Barbarians</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinocentrism" title="Sinocentrism">Sinocentrism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Self-Strengthening_Movement#Evaluation" title="Self-Strengthening Movement">Self-Strengthening Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Sprouts_of_capitalism" title="Sprouts of capitalism">Sprouts of capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_sovereignty_debate" title="Tibetan sovereignty debate">Tibetan sovereignty debate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Cordon_sanitaire_(international_relations)" title="Cordon sanitaire (international relations)">Cordon sanitaire</a></i></li>

<li>Frankish Interregnum</li>

<li><i><a href="Grand_Si%C3%A8cle" title="Grand Siècle">Grand Siècle</a></i></li>

<li>Legendary Saracen</li>

<li>Location of Alésia</li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Vichy_France" title="Historiography of Vichy France">Historiography of Vichy France</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_Germany" title="Historiography of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Alltagsgeschichte" title="Alltagsgeschichte">Alltagsgeschichte</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Borussian_myth" title="Borussian myth">Borussian myth</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Historikerstreit" title="Historikerstreit">Historikerstreit</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Sonderweg" title="Sonderweg">Sonderweg</a></i></li>

<li><i>Strukturgeschichte</i></li>

<li><a href="Sybel-Ficker_controversy" title="Sybel-Ficker controversy">Sybel-Ficker controversy</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_India" title="Historiography of India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Greater_Magadha" title="Greater Magadha">Greater Magadha</a></li>

<li><a href="Indocentrism" title="Indocentrism">Indocentrism</a></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_Aryanism" title="Indigenous Aryanism">Indigenous Aryanism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_Ireland#Historiography" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Great_Famine_(Ireland)#Analysis_of_the_government's_role" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Famine</a></li>

<li>"<a href="More_Irish_than_the_Irish_themselves" title="More Irish than the Irish themselves">More Irish than the Irish themselves</a>"</li>

<li><a href="Revisionism_(Ireland)" title="Revisionism (Ireland)">Revisionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_revolutionary_period" title="Irish revolutionary period">Revolutionary period</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fascist_Italy#Historiography" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth Italian War of Independence</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Historiae_Patriae_Monumenta" title="Historiae Patriae Monumenta">Historiae Patriae Monumenta</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Historical_Series_of_the_Bank_of_Italy" title="Historical Series of the Bank of Italy">Historical Series of the Bank of Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Italiani_brava_gente" title="Italiani brava gente">Italians, the good people</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Rerum_italicarum_scriptores" title="Rerum italicarum scriptores">Rerum italicarum scriptores</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Revisionism_of_Risorgimento" title="Revisionism of Risorgimento">Revisionism of Risorgimento</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a>

<ul><li><a href="Neo-Bourbonism" title="Neo-Bourbonism">Neo-Bourbonism</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Golden_Liberty#Assessment" title="Golden Liberty">Golden Liberty</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarmatism" title="Sarmatism">Sarmatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Deluge_(history)#In_popular_culture" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></li>

<li><a href="Partitions_of_Poland#Reasons,_legality_and_justifications" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions</a></li>

<li>Polish People's Republic</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anti-Normanism" title="Anti-Normanism">Anti-Normanism</a></li>

<li>Pre-Revolutionary Russia

<ul><li>Skeptic School</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Historiography in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>

<ul><li><a href="October_Revolution#Historiography" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_famine_of_1930%E2%80%931933" title="Soviet famine of 1930–1933">Soviet famine of 1930–1933</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_Holodomor" title="Causes of the Holodomor">Causes of the Holodomor</a></li>

<li><a href="Holodomor_genocide_question" title="Holodomor genocide question">Holodomor genocide question</a></li>

<li><a href="Holodomor_in_modern_politics" title="Holodomor in modern politics">Holodomor in modern politics</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Black_Legend_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Legend (Spain)">Black legend</a> / <a href="Black_Legend_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Legend (Spain)">White legend</a></li>

<li><a href="Hispanism" title="Hispanism">Hispanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_on_Carlism_during_the_Francoist_era" title="Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era">Carlism in the Francoist era</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Convivencia" title="Convivencia">Convivencia</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Black_Legend_of_the_Spanish_Inquisition" title="Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li>

<li>Limpieza de sangre controversy</li>

<li><i><a href="Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>

<ul><li>Islamic revolution of Spain</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Revisionism_(Spain)" title="Revisionism (Spain)">Revisionist</a></li>

<li><a href="Viceroyalty#Controversy_over_whether_the_American_Viceroyalties_were_Colonies_or_Provinces" title="Viceroyalty">Colonies or Provinces</a></li>

<li>Spanish decline</li>

<li>Ser de España</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kemalist_historiography" title="Kemalist historiography">Kemalist</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Historiography of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ghaza_thesis" title="Ghaza thesis">Ghaza thesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_decline_thesis" title="Ottoman decline thesis">Decline thesis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Historiography of the United Kingdom">United<br>Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Scotland" title="Historiography of Scotland">Scotland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Origins of the Kingdom of Alba">Kingdom of Alba</a></li>

<li><a href="Westminster_Stone_theory" title="Westminster Stone theory">Westminster Stone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Storm_over_the_gentry" title="Storm over the gentry">Storm over the gentry</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Suffragettes" title="Historiography of the Suffragettes">Suffragette Campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Tudor_myth" title="Tudor myth">Tudor myth</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ricardian_(Richard_III)" title="Ricardian (Richard III)">Ricardians</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Winter_of_Discontent#Legacy" title="Winter of Discontent">Winter of Discontent</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BritishEmpire59" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_the_British_Empire" title="Historiography of the British Empire">British<br>Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cambridge_School_(imperial_history)" title="Cambridge School (imperial history)">Cambridge School</a></li>

<li><a href="Porter%E2%80%93MacKenzie_debate" title="Porter–MacKenzie debate">Porter–MacKenzie debate</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_colonial_occupation" title="Second colonial occupation">Second colonial occupation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Australian_history_wars" title="Australian history wars">Colonial Australia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_war,_conflict934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By war, conflict</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_historiography605" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Military" title="Military">Military</a> <a href="Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><b><a href="Military_history" title="Military history">Military history</a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="List_of_military_museums" title="List of military museums">List of military museums</a></b></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-18th century<br>conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Albigensian_Crusade#Legacy" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian Crusade</a>

<ul><li><a href="Catharism#Historical_and_current_scholarship" title="Catharism">Catharism debate</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Crusades" title="Historiography of the Crusades">Crusades</a>

<ul><li><a href="Islamic_views_on_the_crusades" title="Islamic views on the crusades">Islamic views</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Eighty_Years'_War" title="Historiography of the Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_Eighty_Years'_War" title="Origins of the Eighty Years' War">Origins</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fall_of_Babylon#Historiography" title="Fall of Babylon">Fall of Babylon</a></li>

<li><a href="Gallic_Wars#Historiography" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a></li>

<li><a href="Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age collapse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dorian_invasion" title="Dorian invasion">Dorian invasion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War" title="History of the Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th<br>century conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Coalition_Wars(1792–1815)77" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" title="French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars">Coalition Wars</a><br>(1792–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Historiography of the French Revolution">French Revolution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Causes of the French Revolution">Causes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e#Historiography" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li>

<li><a href="Napoleonic_studies" title="Napoleonic studies">Napoleonic era</a>

<ul><li><a href="French_invasion_of_Russia#Historical_assessment" title="French invasion of Russia">Invasion of Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Waterloo#Historical_importance" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li><a href="Historiographic_issues_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="Historiographic issues about the American Civil War">American Civil War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins</a></li>

<li><a href="Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">Turning point</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_Franco-Prussian_War" title="Causes of the Franco-Prussian War">Causes</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Paris_Commune" title="Historiography of the Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Great_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography of the Great Game">Great Game</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Rebellion_of_1857#Historiography" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857">Causes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Paraguayan_War" title="Historiography of the Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Origins of the War of 1812">Origins</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_War_of_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of the War of the Pacific">Causes</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Causes</a> (<a href="Color_book" title="Color book">Color books</a> / <a href="Fritz_Fischer_(historian)#Fischer_thesis" title="Fritz Fischer (historian)">Fischer thesis</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> (<a href="Causes_of_the_Armenian_genocide" title="Causes of the Armenian genocide">Causes of the Armenian genocide</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Patriotic_consent" title="Patriotic consent">Patriotic consent</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_famine_of_1917%E2%80%931919" title="Persian famine of 1917–1919">Persian famine of 1917–1919</a></li>

<li><a href="Powder_keg_of_Europe" title="Powder keg of Europe">Powder keg of Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="Schlieffen_Plan#History" title="Schlieffen Plan">Schlieffen Plan</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_of_1914" title="Spirit of 1914">Spirit of 1914</a> / <a href="Spirit_of_1917" title="Spirit of 1917">1917</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>, Germany imposed this on Russia in 1918</li>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Treaty_ofVersailles73" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Treaty_of_Versailles#Historical_assessments" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of<br>Versailles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_War_I_reparations#Analysis" title="World War I reparations">Reparations</a></li>

<li><a href="War_guilt_question" title="War guilt question">War guilt question</a>

<ul><li><a href="Article_231_of_the_Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles">Article 231</a></li>

<li><a href="Reichstag_inquiry_into_guilt_for_World_War_I" title="Reichstag inquiry into guilt for World War I">Reichstag inquiry</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Responsibility_for_the_burning_of_Smyrna" title="Responsibility for the burning of Smyrna">Burning of Smyrna</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War#Aftermath_and_legacy" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Causes of the Polish–Soviet War">Causes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Background_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Background of the Spanish Civil War">Background</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_World_War_II" title="Historiography of World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Causes</a></li>

<li><a href="Blitzkrieg#Post-war_controversy" title="Blitzkrieg">"Blitzkrieg" concept</a></li>

<li><a href="Broad_front_versus_narrow_front_controversy_in_World_War_II" title="Broad front versus narrow front controversy in World War II">Broad vs. narrow front</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="Historiography of German resistance to Nazism">German resistance to Nazism</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_foreign_policy_debate" title="Nazi foreign policy debate">Nazi foreign policy debate</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Front</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact#Postwar_commentary_on_motives_of_Stalin_and_Hitler" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_offensive_plans_controversy" title="Soviet offensive plans controversy">Soviet offensive plans</a></li>

<li><a href="Warsaw_Uprising#Soviet_stance" title="Warsaw Uprising">Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Historiography of the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia</a></li>

<li><a href="Aftermath_of_the_Winter_War" title="Aftermath of the Winter War">Winter War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Background_of_the_Winter_War" title="Background of the Winter War">Background</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_of_the_Winter_War" title="Spirit of the Winter War">Spirit</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Holocaust_studies" title="Holocaust studies">The Holocaust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auschwitz_bombing_debate" title="Auschwitz bombing debate">Auschwitz bombing debate</a></li>

<li><a href="Knowledge_of_the_Holocaust_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German-occupied_Europe" title="Knowledge of the Holocaust in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe">Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="Functionalism%E2%80%93intentionalism_debate" title="Functionalism–intentionalism debate">Functionalism–intentionalism debate</a></li>

<li>In relation to the <a href="Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Armenian genocide and the Holocaust">Armenian genocide</a> / <a href="The_Holocaust_and_the_Nakba" title="The Holocaust and the Nakba">Nakba</a></li>

<li><a href="Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Holocaust#Historiography" title="Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust">Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust</a>

<li><a href="%22Polish_death_camp%22_controversy" title=""Polish death camp" controversy">"Polish death camp"</a></li>

<li><a href="Responsibility_for_the_Holocaust" title="Responsibility for the Holocaust">Responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Holocaust_in_Slovakia" title="Historiography of the Holocaust in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Holocaust_uniqueness_debate" title="Holocaust uniqueness debate">Uniqueness</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pacific War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_for_Australia" title="Battle for Australia">"Battle for Australia"</a></li>

<li><a href="Bengal_famine_of_1943#Historiography" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine</a></li>

<li>Second Sino-Japanese War

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Nanjing_Massacre" title="Historiography of the Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Front</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Battle_of_France" title="Historiography of the Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Guilty_Men" title="Guilty Men">Guilty Men</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="R%C3%A9sistancialisme" title="Résistancialisme">Résistancialisme</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Vichy_France" title="Historiography of Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_the_Cold_War" title="Historiography of the Cold War">Cold War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_Cold_War" title="Origins of the Cold War">Origins</a></li>

<li><a href="1948_Palestine_war#Historiography" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> / <a href="Ongoing_Nakba" title="Ongoing Nakba">Ongoing Nakba</a></li>

<li><a href="Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">Zionism as settler colonialism</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Malayan Emergency

<ul><li><a href="Background_and_causes_of_the_Malayan_Emergency" title="Background and causes of the Malayan Emergency">Causes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_Algerian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography of the Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li>

<li>Six-Day War

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_Six-Day_War" title="Origins of the Six-Day War">Origins</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Iranian revolution

<ul><li><a href="Background_and_causes_of_the_Iranian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Iranian revolution">Causes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aftermath_of_the_Falklands_War" title="Aftermath of the Falklands War">Falklands War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">Sovereignty dispute</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Sri Lankan civil war

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war">Origins</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Cold War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Russo-Georgian War

<ul><li><a href="Background_of_the_Russo-Georgian_War" title="Background of the Russo-Georgian War">Background</a></li>

<li><a href="Responsibility_for_the_Russo-Georgian_War" title="Responsibility for the Russo-Georgian War">Responsibility</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Syrian revolution

<ul><li><a href="Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_revolution" title="Background and causes of the Syrian revolution">Causes</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Conflict_thesis" title="Conflict thesis">Conflict thesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_gunpowder_and_gun_transmission" title="Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission">Gunpowder and gun transmission</a></li>

<li><a href="War_and_genocide" title="War and genocide">War and genocide</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_person934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By person</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political<br>leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Historiography of Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Historiography of Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li>

<li><a href="Amin_al-Husseini#Evaluations_of_Husseini's_historical_significance" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a></li>

<li><a href="Aurangzeb#Assessments_and_legacy" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Cato_the_Younger" title="Legacy of Cato the Younger">Cato the Younger</a></li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Che_Guevara" title="Legacy of Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></li>

<li>Chiang Ching-kuo</li>

<li>Chiang Kai Shek</li>

<li><a href="Constantine_the_Great#Historiography" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li>

<li><a href="Palamism#Initial_Western_reactions" title="Palamism">Gregory Palamas</a></li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Horatio_Nelson%2C_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Legacy of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypatia#Legacy" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li>

<li>Jiang Zemin</li>

<li>Joseph Stalin</li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn#Historiography" title="Legacy of José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas" title="Historiography of Juan Manuel de Rosas">Juan Manuel de Rosas</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_assessment_of_Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Historical assessment of Klemens von Metternich">Klemens von Metternich</a></li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_Louis_Riel" title="Historiography of Louis Riel">Louis Riel</a></li>

<li>Mao Zedong</li>

<li><a href="Reception_and_legacy_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Reception and legacy of Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Napoleon" title="Legacy of Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li>

<li><a href="Neville_Chamberlain#Legacy_and_reputation" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></li>

<li><a href="Legacy_of_Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Legacy of Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II of Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar#Legacy" title="Simón Bolívar">Simon Bolivar</a>

<ul><li>Cult of personality</li>

<li><a href="Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarianism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Saladin#Recognition_and_legacy" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Aquinas#Legacy,_veneration,_and_modern_reception" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_reputation_of_Thomas_Jefferson" title="Historical reputation of Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_reputation_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Historical reputation of Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_reputation_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Historical reputation of Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a></li>

<li>Yuan Shikai</li>

<li>Zhou Enlai</li>

<li>Zhuge Liang</li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Historicalrankings71" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historical_rankings_of_heads_of_government" title="Historical rankings of heads of government">Historical<br>rankings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_rankings_of_chancellors_of_Germany" title="Historical rankings of chancellors of Germany">Modern Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_rankings_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Historical rankings of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">The Beatles</a></li>

<li><a href="Darwin_Industry" title="Darwin Industry">Charles Darwin</a></li>

<li><a href="Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li>

<li><a href="Lovecraft_studies" title="Lovecraft studies">H. P. Lovecraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Reception_history_of_Jane_Austen" title="Reception history of Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammed" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed">Muhammed</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historicity_of_Muhammad" title="Historicity of Muhammad">Historicity</a></li>

<li><a href="Judaism's_view_of_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism's view of Muhammad">Judaism</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_Christian_views_on_Muhammad" title="Medieval Christian views on Muhammad">Medieval Christian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Jesus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></li>

<li><a href="Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Religious perspectives</a>

<ul><li><a href="Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></li>

<li><a href="Judaism's_view_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism's view of Jesus">Judaism</a></li>

<li><a href="Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_impact_of_Madonna" title="Cultural impact of Madonna">Madonna</a></li>

<li><a href="Controversies_surrounding_Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Controversies surrounding Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a></li>

<li><a href="Socratic_problem" title="Socratic problem">Socrates</a></li>

<li><a href="Influence_and_reception_of_S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Influence and reception of Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li>

<li><a href="Reputation_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Reputation of William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Bears_in_antiquity" title="Bears in antiquity">Bears in antiquity</a></li>

<li>Crisis of historiography</li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_feudalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography of feudalism">Feudalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li>

<li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="Professionalization_and_institutionalization_of_history" title="Professionalization and institutionalization of history">Professionalization and institutionalization of history</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_the_salon" title="Historiography of the salon">Salons</a></li>

<li><a href="Analysis_of_Western_European_colonialism_and_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization">Western European colonialism and colonization</a></li>

<li><a href="Desacralization_of_knowledge" title="Desacralization of knowledge">Desacralization of knowledge</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Causes_of_the_Great_Recession" title="Causes of the Great Recession">Great Recession</a></li>

<li><a href="Causes_of_the_Great_Depression" title="Causes of the Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li>

<li>School of Thoughts

<ul><li><a href="Historical_school_of_economics" title="Historical school of economics">Historical school of economics</a></li>

<li><a href="English_historical_school_of_economics" title="English historical school of economics">English historical school of economics</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_religion" title="Historiography of religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Avestan_geography" title="Avestan geography">Avestan geography</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_early_Christianity" title="Historiography of early Christianity">Early Christianity</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Historical reliability of the Gospels</a></li>

<li><a href="Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Primacy of Peter</a>

<ul><li><a href="Papal_supremacy#Opposition" title="Papal supremacy">Opposition to Papal supremacy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Proto-orthodox_Christianity" title="Proto-orthodox Christianity">Proto-orthodox Christianity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_early_Islam" title="Historiography of early Islam">Early Islam</a>

<ul><li><a href="Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Criticism of the Quran</a></li>

<li><a href="Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic golden age">Islamic golden age</a></li>

<li><a href="Kharijites#Legacy" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church</a>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Vatican_Council#Controversies" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>

<ul><li>Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hesychast_controversy" title="Hesychast controversy">Hesychast controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="Reformation#Conclusion_and_legacy" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_Protestantism" title="Criticism of Protestantism">Criticism of Protestantism</a></li>

<li><a href="Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jesuits#Controversies" title="Jesuits">Jesuit historiography</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_Jewish_historiography" title="Modern Jewish historiography">Modern Jewish history</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Wissenschaft_des_Judentums" title="Wissenschaft des Judentums">Wissenschaft des Judentums</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li>Schools of thought

<ul><li><a href="Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li>

<li><a href="Panbabylonism" title="Panbabylonism">Panbabylonism</a></li>

<li><a href="Urreligion" title="Urreligion">Urreligion</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Perennial</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_religions_school" title="History of religions school">Religionsgeschichtliche Schule</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_School_(history_of_religion)" title="Roman School (history of religion)">Roman</a></li>

<li><a href="Revisionist_school_of_Islamic_studies" title="Revisionist school of Islamic studies">Revisionist school of Islamic studies</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Historiography_of_science" title="Historiography of science">Science</a> /<br>Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Merton_thesis" title="Merton thesis">Merton thesis</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Protestant_Ethic_and_the_Spirit_of_Capitalism" title="The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism">Protestant Ethic and Capitalism</a></li>

<li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="Heroic_theory_of_invention_and_scientific_development" title="Heroic theory of invention and scientific development">Heroic theory of invention and scientific development</a></span></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_gunpowder_and_gun_transmission" title="Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission">Gunpowder and gun transmission</a></li>

<li><a href="Torsion_mangonel_myth" title="Torsion mangonel myth">Torsion mangonel myth</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations,_publications934" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organizations, publications</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_heritage_registers" title="List of heritage registers">Heritage registers</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_society" title="Historical society">Historical society</a> (<a href="List_of_historical_societies" title="List of historical societies">list</a>)</li>

<li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/History_institutes" class="extiw external" title="c:History institutes">History institutes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_history_journals" title="List of history journals">History journals</a>

<ul><li>template</li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">Commemorative plaque</a></li>

<li><a href="Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary film</a></li>

<li><a href="Hagiography" title="Hagiography">Hagiography</a></li>

<li><a href="Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historical_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical realism">Historical realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiographic_metafiction" title="Historiographic metafiction">Historiographic metafiction</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Historical_geographic_information_system" title="Historical geographic information system">Historical geographic information system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Historiography" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Historiography">Multimedia</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libraries_and_library_science919" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Libraries_and_library_science919" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Library" title="Library">Libraries</a> and <a href="Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">library science</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of library</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academic_library" title="Academic library">Academic</a></li>

<li><a href="Archive" title="Archive">Archive</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Library branch">Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Library#Children's_libraries" title="Library">Children's</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_library" title="Christian library">Christian</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_consortium" title="Library consortium">Consortium</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital</a>

<ul><li><a href="Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">shadow</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_library" title="Hybrid library">Hybrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Lending_library" title="Lending library">Lending</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_of_things" title="Library of things">Library of things</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_library" title="Medical library">Medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Bookmobile" title="Bookmobile">Mobile</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_library" title="Music library">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="National_library" title="National library">National</a></li>

<li><a href="Presidential_library" title="Presidential library">Presidential</a>

<li><a href="Prison_library" title="Prison library">Prison</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_library" title="Private library">Private</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_library" title="Public library">Public</a>

<ul><li><a href="Carnegie_library" title="Carnegie library">Carnegie</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Research_library" title="Research library">Research</a></li>

<li><a href="School_library" title="School library">School</a>

<ul><li><a href="Learning_Resource_Centre" title="Learning Resource Centre">Learning Resource Centre</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_school_libraries_in_the_United_States" title="Virtual school libraries in the United States">virtual</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Special_collections" title="Special collections">Special collections</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_library" title="Special library">Special library</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_bookcase" title="Public bookcase">Street</a></li>

<li><a href="Subscription_library" title="Subscription library">Subscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_library" title="Transportation library">Transportation</a></li>

<li><a href="Traveling_library" title="Traveling library">Traveling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distance_education_librarian" title="Distance education librarian">Distance education</a></li>

<li><a href="E-Science_librarianship" title="E-Science librarianship">E-science</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_librarianship" title="Music librarianship">Music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ensemble_librarianship" title="Ensemble librarianship">ensemble</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Periodicals_librarian" title="Periodicals librarian">Periodicals/serials</a></li>

<li><a href="Teacher-librarian" title="Teacher-librarian">School</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_professional" title="Information professional">Information professional</a></li>

<li><a href="Informationist" title="Informationist">Informationist</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_and_information_scientist" title="Library and information scientist">Library and information scientist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">Library science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">Library and information science</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_for_librarianship" title="Education for librarianship">Education for librarianship</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_acquisitions" title="Library acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></li>

<li><a href="Archival_science" title="Archival science">Archival science</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_assessment" title="Library assessment">Assessment</a></li>

<li><a href="Cataloging_(library_science)" title="Cataloging (library science)">Cataloging</a>

<ul><li><a href="Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">catalog</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_circulation" title="Library circulation">Circulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_classification" title="Library classification">Classification</a></li>

<li><a href="Collection_development" title="Collection development">Collection development</a></li>

<li><a href="Collective_collection" title="Collective collection">Collective collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_books%2C_manuscripts%2C_documents_and_ephemera" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Discovery_system_(bibliographic_search)" title="Discovery system (bibliographic search)">Discovery system</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_resource_management" title="Electronic resource management">Electronic resource management</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_literacy" title="Information literacy">Information literacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Inventory_(library_and_archive)" title="Inventory (library and archive)">Inventory</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">Legal deposit</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_history" title="Library history">Library history</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_instruction" title="Library instruction">Library instruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_management" title="Library management">Library management</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_publishing" title="Library publishing">Library publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Readers'_advisory" title="Readers' advisory">Readers' advisory</a></li>

<li><a href="Reference_desk" title="Reference desk">Reference</a>

<ul><li><a href="Digital_reference" title="Digital reference">virtual</a></li>

<li><a href="Roving_reference" title="Roving reference">roving</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Library_technical_services" title="Library technical services">Technical services</a></li>

<li><a href="Weeding_(library)" title="Weeding (library)">Weeding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_libraries" title="History of libraries">History of libraries</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">History of library science</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of libraries">Libraries</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_libraries_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of libraries by country">by country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_libraries_in_the_ancient_world" title="List of libraries in the ancient world">ancient</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_destroyed_libraries" title="List of destroyed libraries">destroyed</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_medical_libraries" title="List of medical libraries">medical</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_national_and_state_libraries" title="List of national and state libraries">national</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_library_associations" title="List of library associations">Library associations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_library_science_schools" title="List of library science schools">Library schools</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_librarians" title="List of librarians">Librarians</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_female_librarians" title="List of female librarians">women</a></li>

<li><a href="Libraries_and_librarians_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries and librarians in fiction">fictional</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_archivists" title="List of archivists">Archivists</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_female_archivists" title="List of female archivists">women</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Libraries</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Library science</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Libraries" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Libraries">Commons</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="Glossary_of_library_and_information_science" title="Glossary of library and information science">Glossary</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"></span></span> <a href="Outline_of_library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Outline of library science">Outline</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> WikiProject</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Tertiary_source&oldid=1297525636">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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